High strain rate compressive response of the Cf/SiC composite

Carbon fiber reinforced ceramic owns the properties of lightweight, high fracture toughness, excellent shock resistance, and thus overcomes ceramic's brittleness. The researches on the advanced structure of astronautics, marine have exclusively evaluated the quasi-static mechanical response of carbon fiber reinforced ceramics, while few investigations are available in the open literature regarding elastodynamics. This paper reports the dynamic compressive responses of a carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C_f/SiC) composite (CFCMC) tested by the material test system 801 machine (MTS) and the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). These tests were to determine the rate dependent compression response and high strain rate failure mechanism of the C_f/SiC composite in in-plane and out-plane directions. The in-plane compressive strain rates are from 0.001 to 2200?s^?1, and that of the out-plane direction are from 0.001 to 2400?s^?1. The compressive stress-strain curves show the C_f/SiC composite has a property of strain rate sensitivity in both directions while under high strain rate loadings. Its compressive stiffness, compressive stress, and corresponding strain are also strain rate sensitive. The compressive damage morphologies after high strain rate impacting show different failure modes for each loading direction. This study provides knowledge about elastodynamics of fiber-reinforced ceramics and extends their design criterion with a reliable evaluation while applying in the scenario of loading high strain rate.     

Spreading and Curing Behaviors of a Thermosetting Droplet-Silicone on a Heated Surface

Thermosetting materials are widely used as encapsulation in the electrical packaging to protect the core electronic components from external force, moisture, dust, and other factors. However, the spreading and curing behaviors of such kind of fluid on a heated surface have been rarely explored. In this study, we experimentally and numerically investigated the spreading and curing behaviors of the silicone(OE6550 A/B, which is widely used in the light-emitting diode packaging) droplet with diameter of ～2.2 mm on a heated surface with temperature ranging from 25 ℃ to 250 ℃. For the experiments, we established a setup with high-speed camera and heating unit to capture the fast spreading process of the silicone droplet on the heated surface. For the numerical simulation, we built a viscosity model of the silicone by using the Kiuna's model and combined the viscosity model with the Volume of Fluid(VOF) model by the User Defined Function(UDF) method. The results show that the surface temperature significantly affected the spreading behaviors of the silicone droplet since it determines the temperature and viscosity distribution inside the droplet. For surface temperature varied from 25 ℃ to 250 ℃, the final contact radius changed from ～2.95 mm to ～1.78 mm and the total spreading time changed from ～511 s to ～0.15 s. By further analyzing the viscosity evolution of the droplet, we found that the decreasing of the total spreading time was caused by the decrease of the viscosity under high surface temperature at initial spreading stage, while the reduction of the final contact radius was caused by the curing of the precursor film. This study supplies a strategy to tuning the spreading and curing behavior of silicone by imposing high surface temperature, which is of great importance to the electronic packaging.     

纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末的微波辅助高能球磨合成及其应用

以微米级氧化钒(V2O5)、氧化铬(Cr2O3)和纳米碳黑为原料，采用机械合金化及微波辅助加热法制备了纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末。利用XRD、XPS、TG-DSC、SEM、TEM和BET对产物进行了分析表征。结果表明，：纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末的最佳合成条件为：碳的质量分数为35%，反应温度为900℃，保温时间为1h。在该条件下的反应产物主要由V3Cr2C5、Cr2VC2和Cr3C2组成，颗粒为球形或类球形，分散性较好，无明显团聚现象，平均颗粒尺寸约为50nm，复合粉末的比表面积为115.53m2/g。添加纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末可以提高陶瓷结合剂cBN磨具的力学性能和磨削效率，降低磨具的损耗，并且对磨具具有减摩作用。     

碘化多壁碳纳米管制备含有Ag/MWCNTs复合材料的银-环氧树脂浆料

提出一种将多壁碳纳米管碘化后制备银/多壁碳纳米管（Ag/MWCNTs）复合材料的方法。通过球磨对碘化多壁碳纳米管进行了功能化，并通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、拉曼光谱和热重分析（TG）对其进行了表征。结果表明，经碘化处理后，银纳米粒子（Ag-NPs）能更好地粘附在碳纳米管表面，改善了银纳米粒子与碳纳米管之间的连接。羟基（-OH）基团的伸缩振动明显增强，激活了碳纳米管的表面，增加了碳纳米管表面Ag⁺形核的数量。在260 ℃以下，Ag/MWCNTs复合材料的质量损失小于MWCNTs的质量损失。最后，制备了银-环氧树脂浆料，发现使用Ag/MWCNTs复合物制备的浆料具有最低的电阻率和最高的热导率。     

Laser-assisted preparation of monolithic acidic catalysts for biomass conversion

5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) is a vital platform molecule from which a variety of high-value-added fine chemicals and polymerizable monomers can be prepared. The use of solid acids to catalyze the conversion of biomass into 5-HMF is environmentally friendly and economical. However, exploiting the high yield of 5-HMF in a highly concentrated reactant system is challenging. Herein, we present a laser-assisted method for preparing highly acidic monolithic acidic catalysts. A monolithic acidic catalyst based on metal Zr sheets was synthesized and used to catalytically convert 30 wt% fructose into 5-HMF (conversion rate: 96%; yield: 95%). The catalyst was immediately separated from the reaction solution by direct removal at the end of the reaction. Catalytic efficiency was largely unaffected after 10 cycles of use, and the same catalytic efficiency was observed after laser-regeneration, highlighting the potential industrial applicability of the developed catalyst.     

Unique CNTs-chained Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles as excellent high rate anode materials for Li-ion capacitors

Composite anode materials with a unique architecture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-chained spinel lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, LTO) nanoparticles are prepared for lithium ion capacitors (LICs). The CNTs networks derived from commercial conductive slurry not only bring out a steric hindrance effect to restrict the growth of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ particles but greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of the CNTs/LTO composites, both have contributed to the excellent rate capability and cycle stability. The capacity retention at 30 C (1 C = 175 mA g^?1) is as high as 89.7% of that at 0.2 C with a CNTs content of 11 wt%. Meanwhile, there is not any capacity degradation after 500 cycles at 5 C. The LIC assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode and such a CNTs/LTO composite anode displays excellent energy storage properties, including a high energy density of 35 Wh kg^?1 at 7434 W kg^?1, and a high capacity retention of 87.8% after 2200 cycles at 1 A g^?1. These electrochemical performances outperform the reported data achieved on other LTO anode-based LICs. Considering the facile and scalable preparation process proposed herein, the CNTs/LTO composites can be very potential anode materials for hybrid capacitors towards high power-energy outputs.     

立井过砂岩富含水层工作面预注浆分析

郑煤集团杨河煤业43采区樊寨副立井施工中需要穿过预计涌水量187 m³/h、厚57 m的砂岩含水层。针对第1回次采用普通水泥工作面预注浆、吸浆量少、升压快、效果差、达不到预期目的等不利情况，在后3回次采用大压力，白银水泥、超细水泥等新材料、单孔上下端正反同时注浆新工艺，采用压注清水、水玻璃，利用水玻璃的黏性，反复冲洗钻孔把细小裂隙中锈蚀颗粒带出，打开注浆通道，同时针对竖向裂隙多、横向裂隙不联系，加密钻孔布置，缩小注浆段高，取得了较好的注浆效果。     

明代盔甲种类及制作工艺研究

本文通过盔甲的制作及材料,区分了非金属材料的皮甲、瓠子作甲、藤甲、绵甲、纸甲以及金属材料组成的齐腰甲、齐腰明甲、缉甲、布甲、铁甲、钢甲、铜甲、锡甲等类型,并对其制作方式等进行分析。结合不同材质盔甲的使用地区、战争方式进行研究,以对明代盔甲有一个整体性的认知。     

Cyclic thermal shock resistance of h-BN composite ceramics with La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 addition

The effects of La₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ addition on the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), Young's modulus and cyclic thermal shock resistance of hot-pressed h-BN composite ceramics were investigated. The samples were heated to 1000 °C and then quenched to room temperature with 1–50 cycles, and the residual flexural strength was used to evaluate cyclic thermal shock resistance. h-BN composite ceramics containing 10 vol% La₂O₃–Al₂O₃ and 20 vol% SiO₂ addition exhibited the highest flexural strength, thermal conductivity and relatively low CTE, which were beneficial to the excellent thermal shock resistance. In addition, the viscous amorphous phase of ternary La₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ system could accommodate and relax thermal stress contributing to the high thermal shock resistance. Therefore, the residual flexural strength still maintained the value of 234.3 MPa (86.9% of initial strength) after 50 cycles of thermal shock.     

Surface generation mechanism of ceramic matrix composite in ultrasonic assisted wire sawing

Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are highly required in many fields of science and engineering. However, the CMC parts always have poor surface finish. This study attempts to improve cutting performance of CMC material by combing the advantages of ultrasonic assisted cutting and diamond wire sawing. Cutting force, surface roughness, machined edge and tool wear are analyzed based on experimental results. It shows that the oscillatory movement of tool edges provides positive effect on particle ejection and residual material reduction. Ductile chip formation can be achieved due to the small tip radius of grits. Obvious decrease in cutting force, surface roughness and tool wear are obtained. Moreover, burrs, fuzzing and fracture are reduced. Meanwhile, both the surface characteristics and shape accuracy are significantly improved. These results provide a valuable basis for application of ultrasonic assisted wire sawing and understanding of CMC cutting mechanisms.